Refrigeration



Aug 6, 1940- v F. D. PELTIER v 2,210,496

REFRIGERATION Filed Oct. 6, k19:57

:i l l. l I y| l n I| r l I l I I I I I 1NvENTOR.

i4 hn an, wb TOREY.

Patented Aug. 6, 1940 I l J UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE REFRIGERATION Frank D. Peltier, Indianapolis, Ind., assignor to Servel, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of v Delaware Application October 6, 1937, Serial No. 167,512

11 Claims. (C1. 62-119) My invention relates to refrigeration, and more circulated therethrough t effect Cooling 0f abparticularly to an absorption type refrigerating I SOIptiOIl liquid flowing t0 the Casing i5- system. The combined evaporator and absorber I B is .It is an object of the invention to provide a at a lower pressure than generator l0 and c011- more eiiicient method and apparatus of this type denser l2. This pressure difference is maintained in which refrigerant is vaporized and the vapor in the Several conduits by pump 23 and liquid is absorbed into solution in a single chamber, as columns in conduits I4 and 2|. A vacuum pump will appear from the followingdescription and 21 or other suitable device is connected by conaccompanying drawing-in which t'ne single gure duit 28 to casing I6 to remove non-condensible diagrammaticaliy illustra-tes an embodiment of gas from the System s0 that a desired 10W Pres- 10 the invention. sure is maintained. f

Referring to the drawing, the absorption re- The Casing l5 fOI'mS a Single Chamber 29 in frigerating system embodying the invention which both evaporation of water and absorption utilizes water as a refrigerant and includes a 0f Water into 50111131011 take D1a0 Within the generator or reactivator III containing water in upper part 0f Casing l5 iS IOCated a Spray head 15 solution in a body of absorption liquid, such as 3|) to which is connected the lower end conduit potassium hydroxide. The generator I0 is heated l5. The Spray head 30 iS preferably located Subin any suitable manner, as by a gas burner 'I|, stantially centrally of the casing and directly for example, whereby water vapor is expelled out above a sump 3I into which the spray water colof solution. The water vapor flows upward into lects. From the sump 3I cold water flows to 20 a liquid cooled condenser I2 in which it is liquepump I1 and is circulated through coil I8, as ed, the condenser having a jacket I3 through described above. which a cooling iiuid is circulated. e About the spray head 30 and substantially at From the condenser I2 condensed water vapor the same level is arranged an annular header 32 ows through a U-shaped liquid trap conduit I4 into which absorption solution is introduced 25 and conduit I5 into a casing or shell I6 forming through conduit 2I. The header 32 is provided a combined evaporator and absorber. The water, with a plurality of openings ywhereby absorption which falls in a spray or shower, evaporates in liquid descends in sheet-like form over the suc- CaSing I6 to produce a refrigerating effect by cessive turns of a cooling coil 33. The heat lowering the temperature of the water due to liberated with absorption of water vapor is trans- 30 change in sensible heat of water to heat of vaporferred to a cooling uid which flows through ization. The cooled water is collected in the botcoil 33. I tom of casing IB and circulated by a pump I1 The cooling coil 33 and jackets I3 and 26 may through a coil I8 having heat transfer flns I3. be connected in series by conduits 34 and 35,

The coil I8 is arranged in heat exchange relation whereby the same cooling fluidv may be circulated with a medium to be cooled. As shown, a fan 20 through these parts. At the lower part of casing 35 is provided to cause air to flow over the surfaces IB and below sump 3| is formed an annular well of coil I8 and fins I9, whereby the air is cooled 36 into which enriched absorption solution co1- by heat transfer to the cold water flowing through lects.` To the well 36 is connected the upper end '40 coil I8. The Water is returned from coil I8 to of conduit 22 through which absorption liquid is 40 the upper part of casing I8. returned to generator I0.

Water vapor in casing lIIi is absorbed into ab- Between the regions of the AWater spray and sorption liquid which enters the upper part of curtain of descending absorption liquid are prothe casing through a conduit 2|. Absorption vided annular-shaped inclined baflles 31. The

solution enriched with water ows from the botbailles 31 are arranged one above the other and 45 tom of casing I6 through a conduit 22, and is are inclined'upward and outward,whereby any pumped by a pump 23 through an outer passage spray water contacting the baiiles flows into the of a liquid heat exchanger 24 and a conduit 25 to inner spray region. The apertured dividing wall the upper part of generator I0. Absorption soluthus provided prevents mixing of the spray water tion from which water has been expelled, due to and absorption solution, and at the same time 50 heating by burner II, flows from the lower part the spacing of the baiiles permits free circulation of generator III through the inner passage of of water vapor throughout the height oi' chamber liquid heat exchanger 24 and conduit 2| to the 29 from the inner spray region to the outer region upper part of casing I6. A jacket 26 is provided where absorption of vapor into solution takes about a part of conduit 2I and a cooling Iiuid is. place. Due to the upward inclination of the 55 baflles 31, vapor is directed upward in counterflow to the descending absorption solution.

In addition to preventing mixing of water and absorption solution, the overlapping of the baffles in a vertical direction eectively retards the transfer of radiant heat from the warmer absorption region to the cooler evaporation" region. The bailies 31 may be formed of metal having bright reflecting surfaces to reduce the transfer of radiant heat.

'While a particular embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, I do not wish to be limited to the arrangement set forth since it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as pointed out in the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a low pressure absorption refrigerating system making use of evaporation of water and absorption 4of water vapor into solution into an absorption solution, structure forming a chamber within which both vevaporation of water and absorption of water vapor into solution take place, and a dividing wall in said chamber arranged to prevent mixing of water and solution and having openings to permit flow of vapor therethrough.

2. In the art of refrigeration by evaporation of water at low pressure and absorption of water vapor into solution, that improvement which consists in flowing and evaporating water in one region, flowing absorption liquid in a path parallel to the Water at a region immediately adjacent to said first region, and causing vapor to ow from a plurality of points at different elevations in said first region to correspondingly higher different elevations in said second region.

3. A method of refrigerating which includes causing flow of refrigerant by gravity and evaporation thereof in one region, causing :flow of absorption liquid by gravity in a region adjacent to said first region, and causing flow of vapor from different points in said first region in a plura'lity of separate parallel paths of flow to said last-mentioned region while preventing the mixing of refrigerant and absorption liquid.

4. In a refrigeration system having a plurality of parts including a generator, a condenser, and a combined evaporator and absorber, said parts being interconnected for circulation of fluids therein, an apertured dividing wall in said combined evaporator and absorber arranged to prevent fiow of fluid in liquid phase therethrough and permit flow of vaporous fluid therethrough.

5. In an absorption type refrigeration system,

a combined evaporator and absorber structure forming a chamber, conduit means to introduce absorption liquid and refrigerant into said chamber, and an apertured dividing wall in said chamber arranged to prevent mixing of absorption liquid and refrigerant while permitting flow of vapor therethrough. Y

6. In an absorption type of refrigeration system, a combined evaporator and absorber struc- -ture forming a chamber, conduit means to introduce absorption liquid and refrigerant into said chamber for flow therein in regions adjacent to each other, and a plurality of members arranged in overlapping relation to form a barrier between said regions to prevent mixing of absorption liquid and refrigerant and spaced to permit low of vapor therebetween.

7. In a low pressure absorption refrigeration 'system making use of evaporation of water and absorption of water vapor into solution in an absorption liquid, a combined evaporator and absorber structure forming a chamber, means to spray water in said chamber, means to cause flow of absorption liquid in said chamber, and a plurality of baflies arranged to form a dividing wall to prevent splashing of liquid between the paths of flow of water and absorption liquid and spaced to permit flow of vapor through said wall.

8. In a low pressure absorption refrigeration system making use of evaporation of water and absorption of water vapor into solution in an absorption liquid, a combined evaporator and absorber structure forming a. chamber, means to spray water downward in said chamber, means i to cause flow of absorption liquid by gravity in said chamber, and a plurality of spaced baiiies arranged one above the other and inclined upward and toward the path of flow of absorption liquid.

9. In an absorption type refrigeration system, means for 'creating adjacent streams of refrigerant liquid and absorption liquid, and a wall between said streams comprising members constructed and arranged to prevent passage of liquid by splashing from one stream to another and FRANK D. PELTIER. 

